A physician will examine the abdomen by touch, but it rarely reveals a mass or an enlarged kidney. The patient may have blood in the urine. A complete blood count (CBC) may show anemia.

Cancer cells may appear on the following tests:

  • Urine cytology (microscopic examination of cells) obtained during a cystoscopy
  • Urine cytology obtained from a urine sample

The tumor, or signs of urinary obstruction, may appear on:

  • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
  • Kidney ultrasound
  • Abdominal CT scan
  • MRI of abdomen
  • Renal scan

An x-ray, CT scan, or MRI of other areas of the body may show that the cancer has spread from the kidneys.